اقتصاد کشاورزی و روستایی

اقتصاد کشاورزی و روستایی

معیارهای سنجش و ارزیابی سیاست‌های حمایت از بخش شیلات در کشورهای عضو سازمان همکاری و توسعه اقتصادی (OECD)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی

نویسنده
استادیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، موسسه پژوهش‌های برنامه‌ریزی، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
تولیدات جهانی حاصل از صید و آبزی‌پروری نقش مهمی در تأمین غذا و امنیت غذایی ایفا می‌کند. این بخش یکی از بزرگ‌ترین حوزه‌های تجارت جهانی در مواد غذایی به شمار می‌آید. بیشتر دولت‌ها به منظور دستیابی به اهدافی همچون حفظ اشتغال ساحلی، بهبود رفاه ماهیگیران، تضمین پایداری منابع، افزایش تولید غذا و تقویت حاکمیت بر آب‌های مورد مناقشه از بخش شیلات حمایت می‌کنند. با این حال، در برخی موارد، این حمایت‌ها به دلیل تخصیص نادرست منابع یا فشار بیش از حد بر ذخایر طبیعی، می‌تواند پیامدهای منفی و ناخواسته‌ای در پی داشته باشد. یکی از چالش‌های اساسی در ارزیابی اثرات این سیاست‌ها، کمبود اطلاعات کافی در بخش‌های صید و آبزی‌پروری است. سازمان همکاری و توسعه اقتصادی (OECD) با توجه به این چالش‌ها، شاخص حمایت از بخش شیلات (FSE) را به عنوان ابزاری جامع برای سنجش و ارزیابی سیاست‌های حمایتی معرفی کرده است. هدف اصلی این مطالعه، معرفی شاخص FSE بر اساس مطالعات OECD و تبیین اهمیت آن در سیاست‌گذاری‌های بخش شیلات کشور است. مطالعه حاضر در چهار محور تنظیم شده است که شامل: ۱) ضرورت توجه به سیاست‌های حمایتی در بخش شیلات، ۲) اهداف تدوین شاخص حمایت از بخش شیلات، ۳) تعیین دامنه شمول سیاست‌ها و نحوه اندازه‌گیری و طبقه‌بندی آن‌ها، و ۴) دسته‌بندی انواع سیاست‌های حمایتی در این بخش است. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه، توصیه می‌شود اطلاعات و داده‌های لازم برای محاسبه شاخص FSE فراهم شود، این شاخص برای بخش آبزی‌پروری بازبینی و تطبیق یابد، و سیاست‌های حمایتی شیلات نیز همسو با اصلاحات بخش کشاورزی بازنگری شوند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The measuring and evaluating of policies to support the fisheries sector in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

نویسنده English

Reza Heydari
Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Planning, Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction:
Global production from fisheries and aquaculture plays a significant role in the world’s food supply and food security and is one of the largest trades in the world’s food sector. Most governments support their fisheries sector to achieve goals such as maintaining coastal employment, improving the welfare of fishers, ensuring the sustainability of the sector, encouraging food production and establishing sovereignty over disputed waters; however, in achieving these goals, government support can sometimes lead to undesirable consequences. Monitoring and measuring the impact of these policies is limited, in part due to the lack of information in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors. The main objective of this study is to introduce policies for supporting the fisheries sector based on OECD studies. A review of domestic studies on supporting the agricultural sector and its sub-sectors showed that no study has been conducted so far in the field of examining and introducing indicators for supporting the fisheries and aquatic sector, and this is one of the advantages of this study over other studies. In addition, introducing these indicators can be useful for policymakers in the fisheries sector of Iran for decision-making and can be a basis for comparing the status of supporting this sector in Iran with other countries.
Materials and Methods:
Considering the undesirable consequences of support policies for the fisheries sector, such as creating incentives for increasing excess fishing capacity, creating incentives for unlicensed and illegal fishing, damage to ecosystem habitats, and greenhouse gas emissions, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has introduced principles and indicators for supporting the fisheries sector. In this study, the OECD methodology is used to introduce the fisheries sector support index.
Results and Discussion:
In this study, five sections have been discussed to introduce the criteria for measuring and evaluating fisheries support policies, which include 1) the necessity of addressing fisheries support policies, 2) general principles for reforming fisheries support policies, 3) objectives of estimating the fisheries support index, 4) determining the scope of policies and how to measure and classify them, and 5) classifying types of fisheries policies.
Conclusions:
Considering the issues raised in this study, it is suggested to provide information and data to calculate the fisheries support index based on the support index developed by the OECD, review and adjust this index for the aquaculture sector, and the need to make some reforms in fisheries support policies along with reforms to support the agricultural sector.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Support policies
Fisheries Support Index
Organization OECD
Iranian fisheries
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