اقتصاد کشاورزی و روستایی

اقتصاد کشاورزی و روستایی

عوامل موثر بر موفقیت کشاورزی قراردادی از دیدگاه کارشناسان جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان بویراحمد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
مهدی نوری پور 1
مریم آفریدونی 2
1 استاد گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران
10.30490/etr.2025.367398.1053
چکیده
کشاورزی در جهان امروز با چالش‌ها و فرصت‌های متعددی مواجه است. در این میان، سیاست‌ها و برنامه‌های دولت می‌توانند با توسعه ارقام مقاوم و پربازده، ارتقای بهره‌وری و کاهش اثرات منفی بر محیط‌ زیست، نقش مؤثری در پایداری این بخش ایفا کنند. یکی از رویکردهای نوین در این زمینه، کشاورزی قراردادی است که با تضمین بازار، کاهش ریسک تولید و ایجاد اطمینان برای کشاورزان، می‌تواند زمینه‌ساز توسعه پایدار کشاورزی باشد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر موفقیت کشاورزی قراردادی از دیدگاه کارشناسان جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان بویراحمد است. روش پژوهش از نوع کیفی و مبتنی بر رویکرد نظریه‌پردازی داده‌بنیاد است. جامعه آماری شامل کارشناسان جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان بویراحمد بود که از میان آنان، با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، ۱۵ نفر از کارشناسان آگاه به طرح کشاورزی قراردادی انتخاب و با آنان مصاحبه عمیق انجام شد. فرایند گردآوری داده‌ها تا مرحله اشباع نظری ادامه یافت و داده‌ها به روش تحلیل محتوا در سه مرحله‌ی کدگذاری باز (۵۱ مفهوم)، محوری (۱۱ مقوله نهایی) و انتخابی تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان دادند که مقوله‌های نهایی شامل مشخصات فردی کشاورز، ویژگی‌های حرفه‌ای، دانش و اطلاع‌رسانی مروجان، بهبود بازدهی، بازاریابی و فروش، وضعیت طبقاتی، استفاده به‌موقع از خدمات دولتی، اعتمادسازی دولت در میان کشاورزان، شرایط زراعی و انگیزشی هستند. در مدل پارادایمی استخراج‌شده، شرایط علی (اطمینان از خرید تضمینی محصولات، نگرانی از تولید محصول جدید، شناخت و اعتماد به بازار آینده، پرداخت به‌موقع خسارات توسط دولت)، عوامل زمینه‌ای (سطح تحصیلات، مالکیت زمین، سن کشاورز، اشتغال غیرکشاورزی)، عوامل مداخله‌گر (دانش و اطلاع‌رسانی مروج، تأمین نهاده‌ها به قیمت مناسب)، راهبردها (حذف دلالان، کاهش خرده‌مالکی، دسترسی آسان به ماشین‌آلات و اطلاعات بازار و سازوکارهای انگیزشی) و در نهایت پیامدها (بهبود بازدهی و موفقیت کشاورزی قراردادی) شناسایی شدند. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش، شناسایی این عوامل می‌تواند زمینه‌ساز توسعه الگوی کشاورزی قراردادی به‌عنوان ابزاری کارآمد برای بهبود معیشت کشاورزان و افزایش تولید پایدار در مناطق روستایی باشد. همچنین، برگزاری دوره‌های آموزشی و کارگاه‌های ترویجی برای کشاورزان و کارشناسان در زمینه مزایا و تعهدات کشت قراردادی و تضمین پرداخت به‌موقع مطالبات، از عوامل کلیدی در جلب اعتماد و افزایش مشارکت کشاورزان به شمار می‌رود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
کشاورزی قراردادی
تئوری زمینه‌ای
شهرستان بویراحمد
توسعه کشاورزی

عنوان مقاله English

Factors Affecting the Success of Contract Farming: the case of agricultural experts of Boyer-Ahmad County

نویسندگان English

Mehdi Nooripoor 1
Maryam Afereydouni 2
1 Professor, Department of Rural Development Management, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
2 Ph. D. Student, Department of Rural Development Management, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: The agricultural sector in today's world is facing numerous challenges, including population growth, climate change, resource constraints, and the need for sustainable production. In the meantime, technological innovations, especially the development of resistant varieties, play an important role in increasing productivity and reducing negative environmental impacts. Contract farming, as a model, can be an effective tool for improving farmers' livelihoods and increasing sustainable production in rural areas. The aim of this study is to identify the factors affecting the success of contract farming in Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and using grounded theory as a research method. Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that seeks to develop theory through the analysis of data collected through observation, interviews, and other sources. In this study, data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts from the Agricultural Jihad of Boyer-Ahmad County. Purposive sampling was conducted and data analysis was conducted using content analysis in three stages: open, axial, and selective coding. In open coding, the main concepts and ideas are extracted from the data. In axial coding, the concepts and ideas are organized into main categories. In selective coding, the main categories are interconnected and an overall theory is developed.

Results and Discussion: Data analysis was conducted using content analysis in three stages: open coding (51 concepts), axial coding (11 final categories), and integrated into a Paradigm model. In the form of a paradigmatic model, causal conditions (transition from traditional to modern production, improvement of the marketing process, and reduction of agricultural producers' risk), contextual factors (climatic conditions, farm size, and agricultural land ownership), intervening factors (education level, training workshops, and farmer's age),
Strategies included (eliminating brokers in the region, moving agriculture out of smallholder farming, providing easy access to agricultural machinery, providing low-interest loans, and incentive mechanisms) and the consequences of contract farming success were identified.

Conclusion and Suggestions: The present study showed that the success of contract farming depends on several factors, the recognition and attention to which can help develop this model and improve the situation of farmers. Identifying and strengthening these factors can provide a suitable platform for the development of contract farming and exploit it as an effective tool for improving farmers' livelihoods and increasing sustainable production in rural areas. Considering these factors, appropriate support and educational programs can be developed and implemented to develop this model in rural areas. Therefore, it is essential for the government, companies and farmers to work together and constructively to remove obstacles and strengthen the factors of success of contract farming.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Contract Farming
Grounded Theory
Paradigmatic Model
Boyer-Ahmad County
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