The present study was conducted with the aim of water governance in Hamoon villages: challenges and sustainable solutions for survival. Therefore, it is applied and has an interpretative and analytical nature and is in the quantitative and qualitative research group in terms of method. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software, grounded theory and Delphi methods were used. The results showed that the water governance system in the villages of Sistan is in a deep and multidimensional structural crisis that poses a serious threat to the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of the region. The unfavorable state of all institutional, social, technical, economic, and legal dimensions, with averages consistently below the average, indicates a vicious circle of inefficiency; Which is caused by: water shortages and successive droughts, inefficient management of water resources, environmental degradation and reduction of water resources, lack of public participation and local governance, poverty and rural migration, conflict of interests between stakeholders and weak water storage and transportation infrastructure. Hence, The following categories were extracted from the interviews: improving integrated water resources management, developing sustainable and water-scarce agriculture, restoring the Hamoon wetland ecosystem, water diplomacy and cross-border cooperation, and diversifying the livelihoods of villagers as water governance solutions in Hamoon villages.