اقتصاد کشاورزی و روستایی

اقتصاد کشاورزی و روستایی

بررسی نقش شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان در تأمین امنیت غذایی کشور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 نویسندة مسئول و استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة اقتصاد توسعه، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت بازرگانی، گرایش استراتژیک، دانشکدة مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
3 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعه، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.
چکیده
در سال‌های اخیر، موضوع تأمین نهاده‌های تولید بخش کشاورزی برای کشاورزان و دامداران در کشور به یک معضل و چالش تبدیل شده، که رخدادهای جهانی و تحریم‌های ظالمانه هم بر این بخش تأثیر فراوان داشته است. در زنجیره زیست‌‏بوم فناوری و نوآوری کشور، اثبات شده است که برای پاسخ به صنایع و نیازهای جامعه، شرکت‌‏های دانش‌بنیان از ظرفیت فراوان برخوردارند و می‌توانند در هر عرصه­‌ای خوش بدرخشند. در چند سال‌ اخیر، این اتفاق به یک باور ملی و عمومی تبدیل شده و برخی از صنایع کشور، با روی آوردن بدین توانمندی دانشی و تخصصی، در مسیر توسعه‌یافتگی گام برداشته‌­اند. اما در این میان، برخی دیگر از صنایع هنوز از این ظرفیت علمی و کاربردی بی‌بهره‏‌اند و تعداد شرکت‏‌های دانش‌بنیان در بین آنها کم و ناچیز است. بخش کشاورزی و به‏دنبال آن، تأمین امنیت غذایی به‌‏عنوان رسالت این بخش، یکی از همان بخش‌هاست. بر اساس آمار ارائه‏‌شده از سوی معاونت علمی و فناوری رییس جمهور، اکنون 309 شرکت دانش‌بنیان در بخش کشاورزی کشور فعالیت دارند. با بررسی، تبیین و تحلیل فعالیت این شرکت‌ها در حوزه امنیت غذایی کشور، به‏‌مثابه یک ضرورت مهم، می‌توان مشخص کرد که شرکت‏‌های دانش‌بنیان در این زمینه از چه حمایت‌های قانونی، سیاستی و نهادی باید برخوردار شوند تا بتوانند نقشی مؤثر در تأمین امنیت غذایی کشور ایفا کنند. از جمله راهکارهایی که می‌تواند کیفیت و کمیت امنیت غذایی کشور را بهبود بخشد، روش‌های زیستی است که بهبود صنعت غذایی کشور با استفاده از همین روش‌های زیستی و با کمک کارخانه‌های تولید محصولات غذایی امکان‌پذیر می‌‏شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the Role of Knowledge-Based Companies in Ensuring Iran's Food Security

نویسندگان English

mahdi pendar 1
Reza veicy 2
hosein naderi 3
1 Corresponding Author and Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Development Economics, University of Tehran, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (UTCAN), University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 PhD Student in Business Management, Strategic Orientation, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Iran.
3 PhD Student, Faculty of Economics and Development, University of Tehran, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (UTCAN), University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده English

There is almost no food outside agriculture. The production of food, fodder, fibers and other agricultural products is directly dependent on agriculture, horticulture and gardening, livestock and poultry breeding, fish and honeybees, forests and pastures. The products of this sector include red meat, chicken meat, fish, milk, dairy products, honey, grains, legumes, sugar, oil, fodder, medicinal plants, wood, vegetables and fruits, all kinds of fruits, etc. In light of the high share of the agricultural sector in the employment of people living in rural areas of Iran, as a policy arm to prevent the migration of rural people, we see the weak presence of knowledge-based companies. Investing in the agricultural sector to achieve food security and strengthening national production and employment is considered as a strategic issue for every country. Food security is the access of all people to enough food at all times to have a healthy body. According to this definition, availability of food, access to food and stability in receiving food are three main elements. Every year, a significant amount of foreign currency is exported from the country for the import of products related to food security, which is a wide range of products in technological areas such as livestock and poultry vaccines and probiotics as well as in non-technological areas such as corn and other agricultural and livestock inputs. One of the important projects pursued by the country's technology ecosystem for several years is the improvement of the country's food industry using biological methods with the help of food production factories. Food industry is one of the vital, sensitive and important industries in the country and improving the quality of this industry means improving the mental and physical security of the people, for this reason the Biotechnology Development Headquarters in the presidential institution complex seeks to improve this industry with biological methods.
 Creating the necessary infrastructure and standards to ensure quality, recognizing the strengths and weaknesses in the production, market and knowledge-based products, clarifying the government's demand in the important and priority parts of the value chain, creating a field for the export of knowledge-based products. Using the capacity of foreign investment in the development of technological capabilities, encouraging large domestic companies to invest in Research and Development (R&D) activities through cooperation with domestic technology companies, leveraging the country's large market towards domestic production and investing in R&D.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Knowledge-Based Economy
Agricultural Sector
Biological Methods
Providing Food Security.  
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